The night-before charts on the Challenger O-rings
The engineers knew cold was the danger and argued against launching. Their charts listed damaged flights without putting damage against temperature, so the one relationship that mattered never appeared. Edward Tufte later showed that an ordinary scatter plot made it obvious. Seven people died.
No preview is available from the publisher, so this is a diagram of the chart type, not the artifact itself.
By
Morton Thiokol engineers, for NASA · 1986
Where
Science & health · Engineering safety
Form
Static image · to inform
Visual
Comparison, Position
Data
O-ring damage from previous shuttle flights
Original